Magnitude of Neonatal Mortality and Associated Factors in Debre Berhan Compressive Specialized Hospital in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, North Shoa, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019-2020

Abstract

Background: The neonatal period which is the first 28 days of life is the most vulnerable time for child survival. With identification of risk factors, it is possible to prevent mainly aiming improvement of newborn children care. But Causes of neonatal death vary by country and region with the availability and quality of health care and there was limited information in the study area. Therefore this study provides important information to improve the survival of neonates. Objective: the aim of this study was to assess magnitude of neonatal mortality and associated factors among neonates admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit in Debre Berhan compressive specialized hospital, North Shoa, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2019-2020. Methods and Materials: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted using a secondary data among 1841 neonates admitted in Neonatal intensive care unit from January 1, 2016-December 31, 2018. Data were collected from March to July, 2019 by using data extraction checklist from admission/discharge registration books, patients’ files. Then coded and entered in to epi data 4.2 and transferred to SPSS Version 21.0. Binary logistic regression Analysis was used to identify factors associated with neonatal mortality and values below o.2 were candidate for Multivariable logistic regression Analysis to control confounding variable. Variables that have p - Value of < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Hosmer-lemeshow was found to be significant for model fitness model and Multicollinearity test was done to see the correlation between independent variables using variance inflation factor. Results: The overall magnitude of neonatal mortality in the study area during the study period was 24.6 % (95%CI: 22.5% -26.7%). No Antenatal care visit [AOR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.035-3.464], Birth weight <1500 gm. [AOR= 5.03, 95% CI: 2.840-8.930], late initiation of breast feeding [AOR=4.36, 95% CI: 2.369-8.036], prematurity [AOR= 4.26, 95%CI: 1.327-12.765] and average length of stay <2days [AOR=10.52, 95%CI: 6.967-15.887] were independent predictors of neonatal mortality. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that neonatal mortality is high in the study area. No Antenatal care visit at all, Low birth weight, late initiation of breast feeding, Average length of stay <2days and prematurity were the determinant factors. Therefore, counseling and giving focused Ante natal care, initiation of Breast feeding timely, counsel and awareness creation on leading causes of neonatal mortality were recommended.