Abstract:
Nanotechnology is playing a vital role in this modern era by providing many applications
including in electronics, construction, health-care, catalysis, and chemical industry. Especially
metal oxide nanoparticles synthesized using plant extract have got more attention in many fields
of study. However, nowadays the infectious diseases are becoming one of the major challenges
in health care sectors worldwide. In this work Var. Adoensis leaf and seed extract bio-treated
production of copper oxide NPs for antibacterial application was achieved. It is typically simple,
less energy consumption, environmentally friendly, and naturally compatible one-pot processes.
In the first part, phytochemical screening was carried out, and results revealed the presence of
tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, and steroids used as reducing and stabilizing
agents in the copper oxide nanoparticle formation. Also, central composite design is being used
for the optimization of the nanoparticles synthesizing process to study the effect of the three
basic parameters namely mixing ratio, pH, and temperature has been obtained 3, 9, 60.14 and
2.99, 8.99, 60.05 respectively for both nanoparticles. The particle size, morphology, surface
area, crystalline type, and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized
using the scanning electron microscopy, elemental dispersion x-ray, ultraviolet visible
spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area and
particle size analyzer techniques. The results have been found to infer that both nanoparticles
are monoclinic with high crystallinity but have different size and shapes and band gap energy of
3.09 and 2.77eV for copper oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Var. adoensis leaf and seed
extract respectively. The synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles was confirmed by the
absorption peak at 325 and 327nm with an average size of 74.98 and 112.44nm for copper oxide
nanoparticles synthesized using Var. adoensis leaf and seed extract respectively. Further, the
synthesized bio-mediated copper oxide nanoparticles is found to act as an excellent antibacterial
agent against two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogen) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, salmonella typhi,) bacteria strains which resulted in a significant
zone of inhibition (inhibition diameter between 6.5 and 26mm at different concentration) on both
nanoparticles. Overall, the proposed synthesis route of copper oxide nanoparticles using Var.
Adoensis leaf and seed extract can be utilized by pharmaceutical industry to develop effective
drugs against bacterial infections.